NR 507 Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1 Solutions)

1. Question : The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:

2. Question : During an infection, why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender?

3. Question : What is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemia (PA)?

4. Question : Which substance is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure?

5. Question : What is the end-product of protein metabolism that is excreted in urine?

6. Question : What local complication of a gonococcal infection is diagnosed in approximately 10% of affected women?

7. Question : The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins?

8. Question : Treatment for polycythemia vera involves which of the following?

9. Question : What term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?

10. Question : Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

11. Question : Continued therapy of pernicious anemia (PA) generally lasts how long?

12. Question : Which of the following describes how the body compensates for anemia?

13. Question : Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?

14. Question : Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?

15. Question : Research has shown a link between cancer and which sexually transmitted disease?

16. Question : Where are alveolar macrophages found?

17. Question : Which renal change is found in older adults?

18. Question : At birth, which statement is true?

19. Question : When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what reaction occurs?

20. Question : What is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide?

21. Question : Where in the lung does gas exchange occur?

22. Question : Hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factor?

23. Question : Aspiration is most likely to occur in the right mainstem bronchus because it:

24. Question : What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain?

25. Question : An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect?

26. Question : Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

27. Question : On average, what percent of cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

28. Question : Which blood cells are the chief phagocytes involved in the early inflammation process?

29. Question : Stress-induced sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla causes the secretion of:

30. Question : Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies attacking which type of cells?

31. Question : A hypersensitivity reaction that produces an allergic response is called:

32. Question : Where are Langerhans cells found?

33. Question : Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?

34. Question : The ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host is referred to as:

35. Question : Tissue damage caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes containing an antibody against the host DNA is the cause of which disease?

36. Question : Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratory secretions?

37. Question : What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that contains meninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra?

38. Question : What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

39. Question : How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?

40. Question : Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?

41. Question : What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?

42. Question : What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?

43. Question : In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is _____ days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is _____ days.

44. Question : Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children?

45. Question : Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer?

46. Question : Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate?

47. Question : What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing?

48. Question : Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection?

49. Question : The World Health Organization (WHO) defines grade 1 (overweight) as a BMI of:

50. Question : Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection?

51. Question : Which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone?

52. Question : The secretion of adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH) will result in the increased level of which hormone?

53. Question : What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis?

54. Question : Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?

55. Question : The two most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes are:

56. Question : Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which mechanism of heat loss?

57. Question : An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and draws up the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on these data, which disorder does the nurse suspect?

58. Question : An individual’s genetic makeup is referred to as his or her:

59. Question : Which type of ion directly controls the contraction of muscles?

60. Question : Which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?

61. Question : What syndrome, characterized by an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome, exhibits features that include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and webbed neck?

62. Question : When a woman’s uterus is assessed as protruding through the entrance of the vagina to the hymen, which grade of prolapse does this indicate?

63. Question : An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident?

64. Question : Which condition poses the highest risk for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

65. Question : Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

66. Question : Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders?

67. Question : Loud snoring, a decrease in oxygen saturation, fragmented sleep, chronic daytime sleepiness, and fatigue are clinical manifestations of which sleep disorder?

68. Question : A blunt force injury to the forehead would result in a coup injury to which region of the brain?

69. Question : It is true that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS):

70. Question : Atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factors for which type of stroke?

71. Question : What is the first sign of puberty in girls?

72. Question : A criterion for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period of excessive worrying that lasts for at least how many months?

73. Question : What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant?

74. Question : What is the leading cause of infertility in women?

75. Question : Which dietary lifestyle choice has been associated with a decreased risk for developing colon cancer?

76. Question : When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of what type of effect by a hormone?

77. Question : Which characteristic is true of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers?

78. Question : How do the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults?

79. Question : The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in women?

80. Question : What part of the brain provides the emotional response to pain?

81. Question : The most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

82. Question : How does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperature?

83. Question : In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:

84. Question : Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?

85. Question : Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?

86. Question : Congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) involves inadequate motility of the colon caused by neural malformation of which nervous system?

87. Question : The absence of which major hormone is a determinant of sexual differentiation (wolffian system) in utero?

88. Question : What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor?

89. Question : The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time is referred to by which term?

90. Question : The mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin?

91. Question : What term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?

92. Question : Which assessment finding characterizes Osgood-Schlatter disease?

93. Question : In scoliosis, curves in the thoracic spine greater than how many degrees result in decreased pulmonary function?

94. Question : What causes the crystallization within the synovial fluid of the joint affected by gouty arthritis?

95. Question : Which term is also used to refer to paradoxic sleep?

96. Question : Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain’s:

97. Question : Open-angle glaucoma occurs because of:

98. Question : Which type of fracture usually occurs in an individual who engages in a new activity that is strenuous and repetitive?