Brain and Nervous System Paper

Brain and Nervous System Paper

Brain and Nervous System Paper

The central nervous system (CNS) is that portion of the vertebrae nervous system that is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Together with the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the other major portion of the nervous system, the CNS coordinates the body’s interaction with the environment.Brain and Nervous System Paper The CNS is contained within the dorsal cavity, with the brain in the cranial subcavity (the skull), and the spinal cord in the spinal cavity (within the vertebral column).
Then human nervous system is the most complex object know to science, as it includes the intricate CNS and a brain with 10 billion neurons and many times more interneural connections (Anissimov 2007). For some people, this brain and the increase in intelligence it signifies is what

Prominent components in a nervous system include nuerons (nerve cells) and nerves. Neurons are typically composed of a soma, or cell body, a dendritic tree, and an axon. The large majority of what are commonly called nerves (which are actually bundles of axonal processes of nerve cells) are considered to be PNS.
The nerves that pass through the spinal cord, and nerves from the PNS, provide sensory input to the brain, which processes the information and initiates responses. The spinal cord serves as the main route for the movement of sensory information to and from the brain (Chamberlin and Narins 2005). Information flows to the CNS from the PNS, which senses the internal and external environment, and the response of the brain flows to the various organs and tissues by means of the spinal cord nerve network (Chamberlin and Narins 2005).

The autonomic nervous system function is to maintain the internal environment of the human body in a stable state, sometimes called “homeostasis”. Maintaining and balancing the internal environment by controlling visceral organ functions that people don’t normally think about. like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion and perspiration.Brain and Nervous System Paper

The Autonomic nervous system mobilized bodily resources in times of need. Just as its name, this nervous system works automatically, without the control or conscious of the individuals, these which we do not directly control are like closing your eyes, the increase of heartbeat, sweat or produce saliva by stimulating our salivary glands.

For example, right when you first experience fear, the Autonomic nervous system will start and work on to control the involuntary, visceral functions that are difficult to control consciously. How it does it work: when you see something frightening or threatening your life, and happens to throw fear into you, your heartbeat rate will rise, sweating, pupil dilation, goose bumps and increased respiration.Brain and Nervous System Paper

Even thought the Autonomic nervous system works unconsciously, we can sometimes be aware that our heartbeat rate has increased.

One of the first psychologists to study this reaction is Walter Cannon (1932). He referred it to as the fight-or-light response reaction. Cannon monitored this response from cats after confronting them with dogs. From his observation on the cats response, he concluded that what prepares generally any organisms physiologically for attacking (fight) or fleeing from (flight) the enemy is the response to a threat, or when faced to danger.

Illness and diseases affecting the Autonomic Nervous System:

There are diseases and illnesses affecting the autonomic nervous system, causing a disorder in the system, which this disorder effects the controlling of the heartbeat rate and blood pressure of the body that can lead into causing serious problems to the patient, some of these disorders can be life-threatening when they affect the breathing or heart function of the patient.

Some of these diseases are Diabetes, Alcoholism and Parkinson’s disease. Disorders made by the diseases can either affect the whole system, or a part of it.

The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions:Brain and Nervous System Paper

The Autonomic Nervous System are subdivided into the Sympathetic division and the Parasympathetic division.

The Sympathetic Division:

The sympathetic division is the branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies.

As we stated before, the sympathetic nervous system is a sub part of the Autonomic Nervous System. This system is responsible for controlling functions that mobilize the body’s resources under stress, such as the fight or flight response, and the other energy generation forms as well.

Not only the sympathetic nervous system prepares the body when faced with stress or emergencies, but it also serves other vital purposes. Example, if you stand up after being setting down for a long period of time, your blood pressure will raise, else you may fall unconscious. The sympathetic nervous system also works in increasing your heartbeat rate and perspiration during exercises.

Diseases affecting the Sympathetic nervous system:

A disease affecting the sympathetic nervous system known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). The signs of this dieses are the heightened sensitivity to heat and cold, excessive sweating, and limbs being warm to the touch. The causes of this dieses are not confirmed, but its seems to be associated with some forms of nerve injury.Brain and Nervous System Paper

The Parasympathetic Division:

Like the sympathetic, it is a sub part of the Autonomic Nervous System, and most what the parasympathetic division controls are visceral and involuntary organs, such as breathing and blood pressure and heartbeat rate, But it differ from the sympathetic division in its activities. The parasympathetic division are responsible in controlling the body organs when in an relaxed or normal state. Some of its activities when the conditions are met, and those condition can be met when the person are calmed and relaxed, is reducing the heartbeat rate, slow down the respiratory rate, increases perspiration and salivation and smaller eye pupils.

The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions activities are the opposite of each other, but they work together to maintain stability in the body when a certain external condition are met and calls for the division that are responsible to act in such situation. Much like an automobile accelerators and brakes.Brain and Nervous System Paper

The Central Nervous System:

The Central Nervous System are responsible of controlling the whole body, regulating the functions of the body. The Central Nervous System are the control center of the body.

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The Central Nervous system lies within the skull and the spinal column, protected by enclosing sheaths known as the meninges, additionally, the central nervous system is covered by the cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nourishes the brain and provides a protective cushion for it. Ventricles are the hollow cavities in the brain that are filled with CSF.Brain and Nervous System Paper

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