362V What Is Statistic

EXCERCISE 6

1-What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?

Answer: The frequency of the COPD is 7

The percentage of the COPD is 14

2-What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?

Answer: 61% of the total sample is retired.

15% of the total sample is on sick leave.

3- What is the total sample size of this study? What is the frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.

Answer: The total sample size is 91

Frequency:14

Percentage: 14/91 = 0.1538 X 100 = 15%

4- What is the total percentage of the sample with a smoking history – either still smoking or former smoker? Is the smoking history for study participants clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Answer: Total percentage of still smoker is:25%

Total percentage of Former Smoker is: 63%

Total: 63+25 = 88/91 x100 = 97%

Yes, It is important due to lung cancer.

5- What are pack years of smoking? Is there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation group regarding pack years of smoking? Provide rationale for your answer.

Answer: The pack years of smoking is the amount of packs that are smoked in a specific number of years, those are the numbers that show how much the person has smoked over their lifetime. A pack a year is equal to smoking a pack of cigarettes per day for one year. There is no difference between moderate and severe groups regarding the pack year of smoking because the p value is 0.177 (less than 5%) due to Moderate 29.1 and Severe 34.

6-What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by this sample of patients with COPD? What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was there a significant difference between the moderate and severe airflow limitation groups for psychological symptoms?

Answer: The four most common psychological symptoms were:

· Feeling Irritable 28%

· Worrying 33%

· Feeling Sad 22%

· Difficulty of Sleeping 52%